Everything You Need to Know to Grow Winterberry
Introduction:
As we move from the lush greens of summer into winter’s tans and browns, the garden need not be devoid of color. Winterberry shrubs (Ilex verticillata) are a stunning addition to any winter garden, providing vibrant bursts of red berries that stand out against winter starkness. As a bonus, these shrubs provide forage for birds and other wildlife, and are somewhat deer-resistant.
Winterberry is native to much of North America and thrives in zones 3-9. In this guide, we’ll explore the steps to plant and care for winterberry shrubs.
Selecting the Right Variety:
Before you rush out to buy winterberry, it’s crucial to choose the right varieties for your garden. Winterberries are dioecious, meaning they have separate male and female plants. To ensure a bountiful display of berries, you’ll need both genders. And both male and female plants need to come into bloom at the same time, so the female flowers can be pollinated. Popular female varieties include ‘Winter Red,’ ‘Red Sprite,’ and ‘Sparkleberry,’ while ‘Jim Dandy’ and ‘ Southern Gentleman are reliable male pollinators. One male plant will pollinate up to ten female winterberries.
A secondary consideration is how large a shrub you need. Winterberry cultivars vary widely in height from two feet to over fifteen feet tall! Further, many varieties are prone to suckering, and are best placed in areas that can accommodate this growth habit.
| FEMALE CULTIVAR | MALE CULTIVAR | BLOOM TIME | HEIGHT |
| Winter Red | Southern Gentleman | Late Spring | 6-8 feet |
| Red Sprite | Jim Dandy | Early Summer | 3-5 feet |
| Sparkleberry | Apollo | Late Spring | 10-12 feet |
| Berry Poppins | Mr. Poppins | Late Spring | 2-3 feet |
| Afterglow | Jim Dandy | Early Summer | 3-6 feet |
Planting Winterberry:
- Choose the Right Location: Winterberries thrive in moist, acidic soils, and they prefer full sun to partial shade. Select a location that receives at least six hours of sunlight per day. Well-draining soil is essential to prevent waterlogging. Winterberries enjoy moist soils, but do not tolerate waterlogged conditions.
- Planting Time: The ideal time to plant winterberry shrubs is in late fall or early spring. This allows the plant to establish its roots before the harsh winter or scorching summer temperatures set in. If you’re planting multiple shrubs for pollination, ensure they are spaced about three to five feet apart.
- Digging the Hole: Dig a hole that is as deep as the root ball and twice as wide. Loosen the soil at the bottom of the hole to encourage root growth. Mix in organic matter such as compost to enrich the soil.
- Planting Depth: Place the winterberry shrub in the center of the hole, ensuring it sits at the same depth as it was in the nursery container. Backfill the hole with soil, gently pressing down to eliminate air pockets.
- Watering: Water the newly planted winterberry thoroughly. Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during the first growing season. Mulching around the base of the shrub helps retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Caring for Winterberry Shrubs:
- Pruning: Winterberry shrubs benefit from regular pruning to maintain shape and encourage airflow, which helps prevent diseases. Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth emerges. Do not prune after plant begins to flower. Remove any dead or diseased branches, and cut back straggly growth to promote a compact form.
- Fertilizing: Winterberries are not heavy feeders, but a balanced slow-release fertilizer, such as alfalfa pellets, in spring can promote healthy growth. Avoid excessive nitrogen, as it can encourage lush foliage at the expense of berry production, and promote overgrowth which makes the plant susceptible to disease.
- Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch, such as pine straw or wood chips, around the base of the shrub. Mulching helps conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
- Watering: While winterberries are relatively drought-tolerant once established, consistent moisture is crucial, especially during dry spells. Water deeply when the soil is dry to the touch, and be mindful not to let the soil become waterlogged.
- Protecting Against Winter Damage: Winterberry shrubs are remarkably resilient, but in harsh winters, the weight of snow and ice can cause branches to bend or break. Shake off accumulated snow or gently brush off ice to prevent damage.
Conclusion:
Embracing the winter beauty of your garden is a rewarding experience, and winterberry shrubs can be the star of the show. With the right selection, planting, and care, you can enjoy a vibrant display of red berries against the winter landscape. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or a novice, the allure of winterberries is sure to captivate and inspire, turning your garden into a haven of color and life during the colder months.